They are encrypted using the same encryption and hashing algorithms as Active Directory. On domain members and workstations, local user account password hashes are stored in a local Security Account Manager (SAM) Database located in the registry. Previous Windows versions encrypt NT hashes using two layers of DES + RC4 encryption.įor more information about Supplemental Credentials, see MS-SAMR: supplementalCredentials and Supplemental Credentials Structures. In Windows Server 2016/Windows 10 and later versions, it is first encrypted with DES for backwards compatibility and then with CNG BCrypt AES-256 (see CNG BCRYPT_AES_ALGORITHM). When stored in the DIT file, the NT hash is protected by two layers of encryption. The storage of LM hashes is disabled by default since Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008. These attributes are listed in the following table: Active Directory Attribute Passwords at rest are stored in several attributes of the Active Directory database (NTDS.DIT file). Salting is a process that combines the password with a random numeric value (the salt) before computing the one-way function. Neither the NT hash nor the LM hash is salted. The NT OWF is used for authentication by domain members in both Windows NT 4.0 and earlier domains and in Active Directory domains. The password is hashed by using the MD4 algorithm and stored. The LM OWF algorithm is included in Windows for backward compatibility with software and hardware that cannot use newer algorithms.
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